It was isolated from the three fo od type of powdered infant food, PIF a nd milk-based products in 27.1 of samples 33. Krieg and Holt stated that C.Learn more DOI: 10.78972230-8407.04403 Cite this publication Aa Aa 18.06 University Z Zubair Anwar 24.13 Baqai Medical University 2 Iqbal A Shahnavi 32.29 University of Malakand Zufi Shad Show more authors Hide Abstract Cronobacter sakazakii (C.It has been isolated from hospitals, clinical materials, and cutting fluids and is also present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, sputum, throat, nose, stool, gut, skin, wounds, bone marrow, eye, ear and breast abscesses.C. sakazakii is a virulent pathogen and can adhere to silicon, latex, polycarbonate, and stainless steel.
Therefore, Feeding-bottles or utensils used to prepare pediatric infant formula (PIF) should be thoroughly cleaned to diminish the development of biofilms, which could be the source of infections. Hence, the regulatory authorities such as Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Food and Agriculture OrganizationWorld Health Organization (FAOWHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Health Canada strongly recommend breast-feeding over the bottle-feed to minimize the risk of infections caused by C. Discover the worlds research 17 million members 135 million publications 700k research projects Join for free Figures - uploaded by Aa Aa Author content All content in this area was uploaded by Aa Aa Content may be subject to copyright. Contamination of Cronobacter sakazakii in InfantBaby Food and Milk Recalls of Cronobacter sakazakii contaminated Pediatric infant formula Advertisement Content uploaded by Aa Aa Author content All content in this area was uploaded by Aa Aa Content may be subject to copyright. It has bee n isolated from hospita ls, clinical m aterials, and cutt ing fluids an d is also present in cere brospinal fluid (CSF), blood, sputum, throat, nose, stool, gut, skin, wounds, bone marrow, e ye, e ar a nd brea st a bscesses. C. sakazakii is a virul ent pathogen and can adhere to silic on, latex, po lycarbonate, and stainless steel. Therefore, Feeding-bottle s or u tensils used t o prepare pediatric infant fo rmula (PIF) shoul d be thoroughly clea ned t o di minish the develo pment of biofilms, which could be the s ource o f infecti ons. Hence, the regulat ory authorities such a s Food and Drug Administrati on (FDA), Food and Agricult ure OrganizationWorld Health Organization (FAOWHO), Cent ers for Disease Control an d Pre vention (CDC) and Health Canada strongly recommend breast-feeding o ver the bottle-feed t o minimize the ri sk of infections caused by C. Keywords: Cronobacte r sakazakii; Pediatric infant formula; Contaminati on; Necrotizing enterocoliti s; Meningitis INTRODUCTIO N Cronobacter sakazakii ( C. It is an opportunistic human and food-borne pathogen previously known as yellow pigmented Enterobacter sakazakii. Severa l genera and species of Enterobacteriaceae have been isolated from the reconstituted pediatric infant formula (P IF). C. sakazakii s physiological traits aid in its environmental survival, and give the ability to produce a yellow pigment that protects the cell against UV rays in sunlight. It also provides capsular and film barrier formation to assist in adherence to surfaces including other cell types, and its ability to res ist desiccation during long dry periods 2. C. sakazakii has been of m uch concern in life-threate ning bacterial inf ections e specially in low birth-weight neona tes and infa nts. T he clinical isolates of t he ba cterium produce only slightl y yellow pigmentation when cultured on nutrient agar at 37 o C, but produce a non-diffusible yellow-gold pigment when incuba ted at room temperature. Willis and Robinson reported 40-80 mortality rates among infected infants 4. I ts contamination from the samples of commercially available dry PIF has been r eported 7-9. C. sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen most commonly affecting immunocompromised patients and neonates 4,10. Neonatal infections have been reported to be on rise vi a contact with C. Detection of Cronobac ter sakazakii Steigerwalt and his co-workers have observe d that the presence or absence of ye llow pigmentation can distinguish between the two strains of Enterobacteriaceae fam ily ( Enterobacter cloacae and C. I t was further reported that fermentation of D -sorbitol helps in th e differentiation among different strains 15. C. sakazakii can be identified by some traditional biochemical methods, but there is a need of i solation in pure culture fr om mixed contamination in PIF before identification can be carried out 16. Currently, molecular detection m ethods such a s polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, and immunoassays are commonly employed for its identification 17. Sometimes even more advanced methods such as DNA microarray-bas ed assays have been used for the detection of C. Van Os et al. have isolated C. The Netherlands 20. ![]() Samples from the anus, skin, nose, umbilical cord, and outer ear of two infants on their day of the b irth were the also ne gative a s were the samples from outer ear, nose, umbilicus, and gastric aspirate of another newborn tested f or C. In one sur vey of th e powdered foods, abo ut 27 of the total 140 fo ods tested positive for C. In addition, It has been isolated from v arious non-PIF sources including dried baby food, cheese, dr y food ingredients, rice, herbs, and sp ices 2,32-35. It was isolated from the three fo od type of powdered infant food, PIF a nd milk-based products in 27.1 of samples 33. Krieg and Holt stated that C.
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